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For years, media companies lease being manufacturing baby learning products and they make claims that they produce specific developmental benefits. Parents have believed that their babies can learn just from watching a video repeatedly for a long time or when they are reading baby books to their babies. This steer parents to always obsessively look for ways to prove that their babies are the best among their peers. So for these parents to accomplish this, they subject their babies as early as 3 months to divergent baby learning products that claims to boost up a babys learning abilities. Learning is a change in an organisms demeanour or thought as a result of experience (Lilienfeld, Lynn, Namy, Woolf, Cramer, & Schmaltz, 2013 p.210). An example was a research carried out by (Neuman, Kaefer, Pinkham, & Strouse, 2014) on randomly assigned 61 of 117 babies between the ages of 9 to 18 months with a program called Your Baby Can Read, which included flashcards, DVDs and word books. Thi s research was carried out for seven months and the researchers found out thither is no difference between...

All Quiet on the Western Front :: essays research papers fc

Compare Gallipoli and totally Quiet on the Western former in terms of theBoys attitude to struggleReasons for enlistmentExperiences on the frontHow do these change their attitude to war? What does this tell you about the similarities and differences the Australians and Germans experiences?Analysis of Major Characterscapital of Minnesota BumerAs the novels narrator and protagonist, capital of Minnesota is the central figure in All Quiet on the Western Front and serves as the mouthpiece for Remarques meditations about war. Throughout the novel, Pauls inner personality is contrasted with the way the war forces him to act and feel. His memories of the time before the war show that he was once a very different man from the despairing soldier who now narrates the novel. Paul is a compassionate and sensitive young man before the war, he loved his family and wrote poetry. Because of the horror of the war and the anxiety it induces, Paul, like other soldiers, learns to disconnect his nou s from his feelings, keeping his emotions at bay in order to preserve his sanity and survive.As a result, the compassionate young man becomes unable to mourn his drained comrades, unable to feel at home among his family, unable to express his feelings about the war or even talk about his experiences, unable to remember the ult fully, and unable to conceive of a future without war. He also becomes a human animal, capable of relying on animal instinct to kill and survive in battle. But because Paul is extremely sensitive, he is somewhat less able than many of the other soldiers to detach himself completely from his feelings, and there are several moments in the book (Kemmerichs death, Kats death, the time that he spends with his ill mother) when he feels himself pulled down by emotion. These surging feelings indicate the extent to which war has programmed Paul to cut himself off from feeling, as when he says, with devastating understatement, Parting from my friend Albert Kropp was v ery hard. But a man gets used to that sort of thing in the army.Pauls experience is intended to represent the experience of a whole generation of men, the so-called lost generationmen who went straight from puerility to fighting in World War I, often as adolescents. Paul frequently considers the past and the future from the perspective of his entire generation, noting that, when the war ends, he and his friends go away not know what to do, as they have learned to be adults only while fighting the war.

A Cask of Amontillado Essay: Theme of Masonry -- Cask Amontillado Essa

The Theme of Masonry in A Cask of Amontillado The fundamental question in Edgar Allan Poes A Cask of Amontillado is the nature of Montresors motive for the revenge he vowed to obtain when Fortunato ventured upon insult (209). Montresor believes a wrong is unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong(209). While Montresor endeavors to make his vengeance know to Fortunato, the authors references to Masonry in his use of characterization, setting and irony indicate Montresors motive. Fortunato throws back a bottle of wine in a gesticulation Montresor did not understand, a sign of the Masons, a secret society of which he affirms he is a member (212). This secrecy is emulated in Montresors slaughter of his foe. Montresors deadly act, he himself, and ultimately Fortunato are shrouded in secrecy. Montresors end of his foe is carried out at dusk. He leads Fortunato through the darkness down a long and winding staircase into the inmost reces ses of the catacombs at the most outside end of t...

Essay --

Clare Kelly Hour 6The test of a round character is whether it is capable of surprising in a convincing way. If it never surprises, it is flat. If it does non convince, it is a flat pretending to be round. -E.M. ForsterBenvolio initi altogethery appears to be a minor character in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. As Romeos accepted cousin he is the consistent anchor and voice of reason through come forward the play. Benvolio is portrayed as an h superstarst, steadfast whizz and comforter yet he has his have heartaches, which cause him to not always act sensibly. Shakespeare cunningly gives the audience an early indication of Benvolios personality through his name. Benvolio translated literally think ofs good-will or salutary wisher a voice he consistently fills, although sometimes unsuccessfully throughout the play, striving to keep himself and others around him out of any conflict. In the rattling offset printing scene of the play, Benvolio quickly establishes him self as the peacemaker as he tries to stop the fight between the Montague and Capulet servants by saying, Part fools Put up your swords, you have it off not what you do.(I.i.64-65) Wanting peace he warns them to stop arguing before things evolve into a grave situation. In that statement, Shakespeare references the Gospel of Luke Father forgive them for they agnize not what they do (Luke 2334), using his skillful use of the written language to allude that Benvolio was taking on a Christ like peacemaker role in the play. Benvolios moral convictions do not change everyplace the row of the play. His stance on peace is evident in all tierce scenes. In Act III, as Mercutio and Tybalt begin to fight, Benvolio once again attempts to be the voice of reason, We talk here in the public haunt of mean eithe... ...he is out for a pre-dawn stroll. A troubled mind drove me to walk abroad.(I.i.114) Then later on in Act I there is shew that Benvolio doesnt always act sensibly as he convinces R omeo to sneak in un-invited to the enemies masquerade ball, which could end in grave consequences. In Act II Benvolio and Mercutio cooperate together to make fun of the Nurse at her expense, hide her face, for her fans the fairer face. (II.iv.98-99)In conclusion, although in the beginning Benvolio solely appeared as a minor character, over the course of the play Shakespeare devolved Benvolio into a well rounded, three-dimensional character by making him not only a sensible peacemaker, and a honest creditworthy friend but also creating him to have a troubled mind like any other normal human. It is ironic that Benvolio, a minor character, is the only one that was left to pick up the pieces. Essay -- Clare Kelly Hour 6The test of a round character is whether it is capable of surprising in a convincing way. If it never surprises, it is flat. If it does not convince, it is a flat pretending to be round. -E.M. ForsterBenvolio initially appears to be a minor character i n William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. As Romeos trustworthy cousin he is the consistent anchor and voice of reason throughout the play. Benvolio is portrayed as an honest, steadfast friend and peacemaker yet he has his own heartaches, which cause him to not always act sensibly. Shakespeare cunningly gives the audience an early indication of Benvolios personality through his name. Benvolio translated literally means good-will or well wisher a role he consistently fills, although sometimes unsuccessfully throughout the play, striving to keep himself and others around him out of any conflict. In the very first scene of the play, Benvolio quickly establishes himself as the peacemaker as he tries to stop the fight between the Montague and Capulet servants by saying, Part fools Put up your swords, you know not what you do.(I.i.64-65) Wanting peace he warns them to stop arguing before things evolve into a grave situation. In that statement, Shakespeare references the Gospel of Luke Fat her forgive them for they know not what they do (Luke 2334), using his skillful use of the written language to allude that Benvolio was taking on a Christ like peacemaker role in the play. Benvolios moral convictions do not change over the course of the play. His stance on peace is evident in all three scenes. In Act III, as Mercutio and Tybalt begin to fight, Benvolio once again attempts to be the voice of reason, We talk here in the public haunt of mean eithe... ...he is out for a pre-dawn stroll. A troubled mind drove me to walk abroad.(I.i.114) Then later on in Act I there is evidence that Benvolio doesnt always act sensibly as he convinces Romeo to sneak in un-invited to the enemies masquerade ball, which could end in grave consequences. In Act II Benvolio and Mercutio join together to make fun of the Nurse at her expense, hide her face, for her fans the fairer face. (II.iv.98-99)In conclusion, although in the beginning Benvolio only appeared as a minor character, over the cou rse of the play Shakespeare devolved Benvolio into a well rounded, three-dimensional character by making him not only a sensible peacemaker, and a honest trustworthy friend but also creating him to have a troubled mind like any other normal human. It is ironic that Benvolio, a minor character, is the only one that was left to pick up the pieces.

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay -- Alfred Hitchcock

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks vertigo The amount of critical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcocks dizziness is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical reading. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the historic with a reading that offers not however a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most exciting ideas when contextualized in a culture of consumerism. Consumerism shaped the film, and also shapes the way we view it. The desire of the consumer is the driving force behind not only our economy, but our mode of seeing the world, and seeing films. As consumers, we are always looking for, and looking at, new commodities, especially clothing. We gaze at clothing in shop windows. We purchase it and wear it, making it visible to others. Indeed, the desire to buy clothing is linked closely to our desire to show it off. We shop in a visual economy, a visual culture of consumption. To understand this culture it is important to understand the historical figure of the flneur. The flneur is a wandering male consumer of images who is, and was, particularly in the nineteenth century, the visual and economic agent at the center of consumer culture. He is also at the center of Vertigo, personified in the main character, Scotty. The flneur is an inveterate urban scouter and voyeur who is at home in the public spaces. In the words of Baudelaire, for the perfect flneur, for the passionate spectator, it is an immense joy to set up house in the heart of the multitude, amid the ebb and flow of movement (qtd. in Brand 5). Walter Benjamin, in his work on the... ...lso of women displayed in windows. 3 Sometimes coincidence aids criticism. Kim Novak was, fit to Hitchcock, quite proud of the fact that she didnt wear a bra during the filming of Vertigo (Truffaut 248). Works Cited Brand, Dana . The Sectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1991. Gleber, Anke. The Art of Taking a Walk Flanerie, litera ture, and Film in Weimar Culture. Princeton Princeton UP, 1999. Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping Cinema and the Postmodern. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Simmons, Patricia. Women in Frames The Gaze, the Eye, the Profile in Renaissance Portraiture. The Expanding Discourse. Ed. Norma Broude and Mary Garrard. New York harper Collins. 39-57. Steele, Richard. Spectator No. 454 1712. The Spectator, A new edition. Cincinnati Applegate & Co., 1857.

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay -- Alfred Hitchcock

Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo The amount of critical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical information. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the past with a reading that offers not only a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most kindle ideas when contextualized in a culture of consumerism. Consumerism shaped the film, and also shapes the way we view it. The desire of the consumer is the driving force behind not only our economy, but our vogue of seeing the world, and seeing films. As consumers, we are always looking for, and looking at, new commodities, especially clothing. We gaze at clothing in shop windows. We get it and wear it, making it visible to others. Indeed, the desire to buy clothing is linked closely to our desire to show it off. We shop in a optical economy, a visual culture of consumption. To understand this culture it is important to understand the historical figure of the flneur. The flneur is a wandering male consumer of images who is, and was, particularly in the nineteenth century, the visual and economic agent at the center of consumer culture. He is also at the center of Vertigo, personified in the main character, Scotty. The flneur is an inveterate urban wanderer and voyeur who is at home in the public spaces. In the words of Baudelaire, for the perfect flneur, for the passionate spectator, it is an immense joy to set up house in the heart of the multitude, amid the lower and flow of movement (qtd. in Brand 5). Walter Benjamin, in his work on the... ...lso of women displayed in windows. 3 Sometimes coincidence aids criticism. Kim noak was, according to Hitchcock, quite elevated of the fact that she didnt wear a bra during the filming of Vertigo (Truffaut 248). Works Cited Brand, Da na. The Sectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1991. Gleber, Anke. The Art of Taking a Walk Flanerie, litera ture, and flick in Weimar Culture. Princeton Princeton UP, 1999. Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping Cinema and the Postmodern. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Simmons, Patricia. Women in Frames The Gaze, the Eye, the Profile in Renaissance Portraiture. The Expanding Discourse. Ed. Norma Broude and Mary Garrard. New York Harper Collins. 39-57. Steele, Richard. Spectator No. 454 1712. The Spectator, A new edition. Cincinnati Applegate & Co., 1857.

How Technological Advancements Have Shaped Social Media Essay

There is no question that technological advancements have shaped the way we carry out our daily lives . There is almost no escaping it. We rely on our cellphones and laptops for nearly everything. Face-to-face mixer interactions and confrontations are becoming scarce as technology allows teenagers and young adults to hide behind their phones and computers. Young adults, especially high school and college students, need direct social skills to work on group projects in the classroom or to give a good scarperer in a job interview.I have found oral communication skills to be a vital part of my University degree as it has helped me with miscellaneous job interviews and presentations. The positive impacts of advancements in technology in terms of social progress are mostly rooted in connection and accessibility. These advancements have allowed the hypothesis to make new friends or find and connect with long lost friends or relatives. One can easily check in on some other and have v ideo chats with the click of an icon whether it be on your laptop or your cell phone using applications such as Facetime.Today many an(prenominal) lot link their social networking pages and email to their phones so they never miss a beat. The negative effects are due to the fact that people tend to experience less face-to-face interaction in favor of the ability to communicate over the internet or on cell phones (texting). The drawback is that sometimes people use these things as a replacement for in-person relationships. All too often you hear people saying Text me or Facebook me. Internet social interactions also often lead to misunderstandings.With messaging occurring via text or email, connotation and tone are often lost and it is easy for people to misunderstand severally other. It is easier for people to become offended this way and can cause problems in relationships. It is evident that technology has really influenced the dynamics of social progress. Only time depart tel l how it will evolve but I personally believe the pros far outweigh the cons. One thing that is for sure is that online social interaction is not going to stop anytime soon.

Investigation of the hill reaction

Theory Photosynthesis is a process carried out in rigs, in the photosynthetic organ which is the leaf.CO2 + H2O (CH2O)n + O2A plant takes in CO2 and H2O and absorbs sunlight in order for photosynthesis to take go down. These reactants and so travel to the chloroplasts in the palisade cells of the leaf, where the actual process takes place. In photosynthesis thither are two reactions the light dependant reaction and the light independent reaction. The light dependant reaction takes place in thylakoids of the grana of the chloroplasts whereas the light independat takes place in the stroma.The thylakoids of the chloroplasts contain pigments which can be divided into aloney and primary pigments. These pigments form light harvesting clusters which can past be divided into antithetic photosystems, those world photosystem I and photosystem ll.In photosystem I, the accessory pigments trap energy from the sunlight and funnel it to the primary pigment or chlorophyll a. This then becom es excited and releases an negatron which is sure by an electron acceptor. The electron then moves through a series of electron carriers arranged in order of their redox potentials. Meanwhile, the photosystem is said to be insecure as a result of chlorophyll a losing an electron. The electron then moves back down the series of electron carriers to return to stability producing energy consequently A.T.P.Photosystem II differs in that the process is non cyclic (i.e. the electron emitted from chlorophyll a does not return to chlorophyll a), it produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateH and O2 as a by-product in summation to A.T.P. and photosystem I is in fact a component of photosystem II. In this case the electron emitted from chlorophyll a travels through a series of electron carriers and then is accepted by a hydrogen ion (which is then picked up by NADP+) and this upsets the equilibrium for the splitting of pee, causation more irrigate to split. However, the elec trons harvested from the splitting of water goes to photosystem II(which would have been energized to release an electron simultaneously with photosystem I), which would have been unstable. Also, the electron that left chlorophyll a from photosystem I would have passed through a series of electron carriers, arranged in redox potentials, to stabilize photosystem I producing A.T.P.The NADPH and A.T.P are then transported to the Calvin cycle.Apparatus* Filter funnel* Muslin* Mortar/pestle* Ice/salt water bath* Lamp* Test pipages* FoilMaterials* Lettuce* DCPIP (blue)* Isolation Medium* Chloroplast suspensionMethod1. The chloroplast suspension was prepared and put in examination tubes covered with aluminium, then lay in salt/ice water.2. 0.5 ml of the suspension was then placed in another test tube followed by 5 ml of DCPIP.3. The track covering that tube was then removed and the exposed solution in the test tube was placed next to the light root system of the lamp at a measured o utdo of 10 cm.4. The time for taken for the blue DCPIP to turn from blue to falsifyless was then observed and recorded.5. 0.5 ml of the isolation medium was placed in a test tube followed by 5 ml of DCPIP solution.6. This solution was then placed at a distance of 10 cm past from the light source and the time taken for a colour transform was observed and recorded.7. 0.5 ml of the chloroplast suspension was placed in a test tube followed by 5 ml of DCPIP. This was then placed in the dark and the aluminium foil was not removed.8. The time taken for a colour change from blue to green was then observed and recorded.DiagramDiagram 1.0 shows setup of apparatus to check time taken for colour changes in tubes.Results electron tubeTime taken for colour change from blue to colourless/min10 cm away from light source1.53100 cm away from light source15.55Isolation in medium onlyNo changeTube in darkNo changeTable shows different times for colour changes to be observed.Discussion Photosystem ll as mentioned in the theory, NADPH and 02. In this process light strikes both photosystem l and ll, the energy is funneled down by the accessory pigments to the primary pigment and this causes the primary pigment from PS l and PS ll to release an electron. The electron from PS l is accepted by an electron acceptor and then passes through a series of electron carriers arranged in their redox potentials. The electron then is accepted by another electron acceptor and then neutralizes the H+ in the splitting of water.H2O 2H+ + 2e- + O2This H is then picked up by NADP and forms NAPH. NADP is thitherfore an electron acceptor. As the H is picked up, this disturbs the equilibrium causing more water to split.However, Robert Hill discovered, that isolated chloroplasts can in fact, liberate oxygen, from the equation above, in the presence of an oxidizing agent or an electron acceptor. In photosynthesis this is NADP but another one, that being DCPIP can be used in isolated conditions. In this process, the DCPIP which is blue becomes lessen DCPIP which is colourless. This is known as the Hill reaction.In the experiment, the mortar/pestle was used to grind the lettuce and the muslin is used to collect the isolation medium. The isolation medium is a solution made up of sucrose and kilobyte chloride dissolved in a phosphate buffer. The isolation medium provides a buffered environment which does not allow the chlorophyll to leave the lettuce leaves.In this experiment, the light source used was a lamp. In this case, the light intensity was varied by changing the distance from the light to the tube. The relationship between the amount of light and the distance is said to be one that obeys the inverse square law. For example if 10 cm were 100 units then 20 cm would be 10 units. With all other factors being constant and optimum, the light intensity is said to be a limiting factor, i.e. a factor that would the control the rate of photosynthesis. Therefore as the light intensity increases, so should the rate of photosynthesis thus, as the distance of the tube from the light source decreased, the time taken for the colour change to take place should have taken longer, which was the case. It can be observed that as the distance increased to 100 cm away from the lamp, the time taken for the colour change at 10 cm, 1.53 minutes increased to 15.55 minutes.The investigation then goes on to show that in the presence of the isolation medium only, in the tube there was no colour change at all. This is because the isolation medium contained no chlorophyll for photosynthesis to take place. However, when the tube with the chloroplast suspension which includes the isolation medium was placed in a tube, but in the dark, there was no colour change either. This shows that light is needed for photosynthesis to take place.Precautions* The amount of chloroplast suspension and DCPIP placed in the tube was standardized.* The distance of the light source from the tube was ensure d with a centimeter ruler.* The salt/ice water was used to preserve the samples so that no biological action at law would have taken place in front the experiment had taken place.* The aluminium foil was used so that no light would have entered the sample before the experiment started.Limitations* The DCPIP was blue in colour and the chloroplast suspension was blue in colour. Therefore, the colour change was not from blue to colourless and this could have affected ones manifestation of the colour change.Sources of error* The experiment was done during the day and sunlight entering the room could have affected the results in some way of it had any pic to the test tubes.Improvements* It could have been ensured that the room was completely dark or sunlight was not reaching the tubes in any way.* The amount of light could have been reduced by putting layers of tissue paper between the light and the test tube to produce a range of light intensities.

Proctors Analysis Essay

What is John watch? I am no fear for me it is fraud. I am non that while. Explore Millers Presentation of Proctor in The Crucible. How far do you agree with Proctors compendium of himself?In 1962, capital of Oregon was affected dramatic in ally by the tragedy of witchcraft. Miller uses this hard-hitting occurrence to structure his story named The crucible. By using a real event this can really affect the consultation and influence them into picking up more understanding of the play and the happenings that be involved, hence the fact that witchcraft does not face like a fully believable event. Miller uses the 1692 Salem witchcraft trials to symbolize the 1950s anti-Communist purges.The events of the 1692 Salem witch trials mostly parallel those of the McCarthy trials. If you opposed the McCarthy investigations, you were accused of beingnessness a communist. If you opposed to the Salem Witch trials, you were accused of being a witch. Those accused suffered slap-up consequenc es in both the Crucible and the McCarthy trials. As the McCarthy trials were still currently going through during the release of this play it made the play more effective and easier to look up to.Miller uses clever dramatic devices and a range of different techniques that help engage the audience and manipulate them into siding with different characters in the play and hoard important data that will help with understanding of the alternate people mentioned. The language and stage directions he uses create tension throughout the play and this all builds up to an unpredictable ending, which the audience has been lead on to throughout the play.As soon as Proctor makes his entrance his type of personality is immediately known with the audience via the stage directions. It reads on page 16 Enter John Proctor. On seeing him Mary Warren leaps in fright this creates the audience to shroud that Proctor must have quite a overpowering character that getups into Mary Warren having such a d ramatic reaction to his presence. The first undertake the audience receives of an altered relationship amongst Proctor and Abigail is when the stage directions read Abigail has s excessivelyd as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, wide-eyed this creates an atmosphere of tension between the couplet and builds up to understanding of her blatant feelings for Proctor.But the stage directions read that he only Glances at her, an act that makes it obvious that he does not seem to return her feelings for him, as he only carry onlessly Glances as her whereas she seems to be love struck by his presence. The first line that them two communicate is Abigail aspect Gah Id almost forgot how strong you are John Proctor The word Forgot instantaneously confirms the fact that there has been a past between the couple, which the audience can only wait to be informed certainly of.The following script after this quotation confirms the audiences suspicions by Proctor and Abigail discussing th e relationship that they once had, and Abigail attempting unsuccessfully to rebuild a relationship only by Proctor turning her down firmly. Proctors relationship with Elizabeth is first introduced at the beginning of exertion 2. When Elizabeth delivers Proctor his dinner, it reads that She watchs him eat and when he compliments her cooking she blushs with pleasure.I think this activity shows that Elizabeth is in truth corking on pleasing Proctor. The audience already know at this point of the extramarital affair that Proctor had with Elizabeth betraying his wife. So at the beginning of act 2 I pick up that Elizabeth is attempting greatly to hang onto their marriage even with their tinted history. As of their history there must be a decent list of tension between the both and mistrust going on discretely.Proctor is portrayed as a good man but who has made very somewhat foolish mistakes in his past, which he tries to almost block out. When Elizabeth mentions his past betrayal in ac t two Proctor declares I have not moved from here to there without I think to please you I think this shows his immense remorse and that he truly is a good man at heart. In Act 1 when Proctor is questioned why he does not attend church anymore he replies I have unhinge enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation.Take it to heart, Mr Parris. There are many others who stopover away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God anymore this proves that he opposes the expenditures of Parris in the church and felt that the church was becoming too materialistic and drifted away from the original purpose of a church under the influence of Parris. When Parris states that there is a faction and a party against him and all representation Proctor states that he must join it. This declaration shocks everyone, as it is an offence to join such an anti-authority clique. This shows the extent of Proctor and Parriss mutual hatred. His relatio nship with Parris tells me that he is one of a type whom stands up for his own view and does not delay to express his views.During the majority of Act 2 we are introduced with the dilemma of Elizabeth being accused of witchcraft. Both Proctor and Elizabeth know factually that its Abigails vengeful plotting that has got Elizabeth into this shocking situation. The audience already knows by now that Abigail is still madly love-struck with Proctor so they understand that its Abigail attempting to get rid of Elizabeth in hoping that she could take her place.If Proctor had not gone through with the past affair in the first place Elizabeth would not have ever been accused so in Proctors eyes its his fault and as a normal being he knows he now has to get his wife out of this situation on top of the fact that its his role as a husband to care for her and to keep her absent from upset. When Proctor attempts to influence Mary Warren into testifying in court on his behalf she informs him of the problem that Elizabeth will expose him of his lechery.Proctor states Good, then her saintliness is make with. We will slide together into our pit this line shows his major courage and that he will risk his pure stainless name for his wife, a theatre of trust and heroic behaviour. At this point his selfless motive is to get his wife out of the darkness of the court even if it does risk his name, or if trounce comes to worse his life. As Mary Warren has informed Proctor of the girls pretence in court he sets out to relieve the court of their manipulative acts and to output in many more lives being saved, another heroic act.In conclusion I think that Proctors analysis of himself is somewhat irrational as throughout the play he has shown signs of heroic occurrences and he has realised of his past mistakes and felt regret.

Marketing †Brand Essay

1. Executive Summary This report suffers an analysis of the worldwide commercializeing environment of fast- food industry in US and evaluates the international trade activities of McDonalds, which is considered a key pseud. Firstly, the PEST modelling is used to analyse external environmental factors influencing the industry. The Porters Five Forces framework is utilised to analyse the competitive rivalry within the industry, and its attractiveness for potential new entrants. draw players and their positioning was identified using a strategic-groups model, mapping brand look upon against spherical presence.Based on the industry analysis, McDonalds was identified as the market leader and an examination of their market entry modes was carried out. Their international marketing miscellany was evaluated to invest victory factors, drawing focus upon international branding, international distribution, international communications and standardisation vs. adaptation of the servi ce offering. An internal analysis identified the firms strengths and weaknesses whilst an external analysis considered the opportunities and threats posed to McDonalds as market leader.Finally, poor and long term strategic and tactical recommendations were outlined in order to sharpen McDonalds competitive position within the global fast-food industry. These recommendations argon both realistic and well supported, based upon the evaluation of their underway strategy and activities. 3 2. innovation The global fast-food industry is dynamic with a variety of competitors. This report identifies the current factors influencing the industry before specifically focusing on McDonalds Corporation, who is considered as the current global leader.Based on this analysis, the report identifies several areas for improvement and makes strategic recommendations for McDonalds to enhance its position. 4 3. International Marketing compendium? 3. 1. PEST Analysis and Environmental Impact Matrix ( Macro Environment) The following framework provides an analysis of the external international marketing environment, relating to the fast-food industry *These ratings are based on the authors subjective ruling 5 Political Global fast-food firms must comply with country-specific political requirements, such as national minimum wage regulations, affecting prices.Hygiene and fiber regulations metamorphose significantly between nations and may influence the quality of products provided by fast-food outlets (FDA, 2012). Different countries set varying regulations regarding labelling and packaging. For instance the UK government pressured firms to promote healthy eating, and several fast-food companies choose voluntarily included calorie information on their products (BBC, 2011). Economic Despite the 2008 recession and the resulting decrease in consumer confidence across the globe, average consumer fast-food spending has change magnitude (The Economist, 2010) due to convenience and low-cost.Consumers are still looking for the convenience of eating out, but are drawn to the low prices of fast-food over table-service restaurants (Financial Times, 2009). legion(predicate) an(prenominal) fast-food chains overhear capitalised upon the recession by introducing new deals in addition to their already low-priced menus. Between 2005 and 2010, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe and Russia accounted for 89% of global growth in the fast-food industry (Passport, 2012). Social Increasing consumer awareness about healthy lifestyles has pressured many fast-food players to offer healthier selections within their menus (BBC, 2011).This includes offering low- calorie options and salads alongside burgers, and prominently displaying nutritionary content. The fast-food industry has also been heavily criticised for stationing young children by including toys within childrens meals (New York Times, 2003). Recently in the UK, the broadcasting of junk food adverts during c ommercial breaks in childrens programmes has been banned (BBC, 2007), following increasing childhood obesity. 6 Technological As consumer familiarity with new technology step-ups, fast-food firms are using channels such as sociable media websites to engage with their customers.For example, McDonalds is the 9th most liked brand on Facebook (CNBC, 2012) (Appendix 1). Additionally, digital displays allow outlets to change their menus efficiently, to suit the time of day (NRA, 2012) and self-service ordering points pick out increased service speed and reduced labour costs. Environmental Environmental lobbyists and governments are pressuring the fast-food firms to become more green (Greenpeace, 2012). Rainforests are being destroyed to increase the area of land for beef production to meet the demand for beef-burgers (Kline, 2007).Recycling is a prominent global issue and in response, McDonalds adopted reclaimable packaging. Increased environmental awareness among consumers provides fir ms with a significant opportunity to position themselves as green to garner customer loyalty (National Pollution Prevention spirit for racyer Education, 1995). Legal Global operators must comply with country-specific regulations and legislation. This includes opening hours, taxation and employment regulations such as the National Minimum Wage Regulations (1999) in the UK.Firms are often required to meet national food standards such as the requirements set out by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Furthermore, government activity are becoming increasingly worried about childhood obesity associated with the industry (WHO, 2012) and have tightened regulations regarding targeting children. 7 3. 2. Porters Five Forces Fast-food Industry This framework identifies the competitive forces affecting the fast-food industry THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS Industry dominated by global chains with very high brand values High brand awareness and loyalty.Retaliation from strong incumbent players Low initial capital outlay Low fixed costs Economies of scale POWER OF SUPPLIERS Many undifferentiated suppliers Fast-food chains have high purchasing power due to high volume COMPETITIVE RIVALRY IN THE FAST-FOOD INDUSTRY Fragmented market Low exit costs Low margin, high turnover drives competition High brand power POWER OF BUYERS High product differentiation soft touch many segments High price sensitivity THREAT OF SUBSTITUTIONS Alternative foodservice options Ready meals and home readying ingredients Main players quite differentiated No switching costs. restroom is the value adding component which is difficult to substitute 8 Threat of New Entrants cultivate The industry is dominated by a number of international libertine Service Restaurant (QSR) chains, including McDonalds, Burger King, Pizza Hut, KFC and Dominos (Datamonitor, 2010). These global brands are extremely valuable, boasting strong customer loyalty and recognition indicating consistent quality and service. Key p layers including McDonalds, adapt their marketing orientation to suit local cultures and social norms (Datamonitor 2010), strengthening the brand and avoiding consumer alienation.New players struggle to compete with incumbent firms, as their brands are unknown and advertising campaigns are expensive. Established chains have the resources to retaliate aggressively through pricing promotions, deterring new players from entering the marketplace. New entrants lack economies of scale, which lively chains have developed over time, and utilise to remain competitive in this low-margin, high-turnover industry. However, social media websites have evened the playing field in terms of marketing communications they allow firms to efficiently communicate their message inexpensively.Initial capital outlay and fixed costs are low, encouraging new entrants (Datamonitor, 2012). Threat of Substitutions Moderate Substitutes are readily available food can be purchased nigh anywhere, through foodserv ice or retail. However, convenience is the value-adding component of the service which reduces the threat of substitutes. Consumers can cook at home cheaply, but this lacks the convenience element which people require nowadays. Ready-meals are therefore a more substantial threat, competing with fast-food on price as well as convenience.(Datamonitor, 2012). If you are on-the-go however, without access to a microwave, QSRs are almost uncontested if you want a hot meal in a short timeframe. With many differentiated players (Datamonitor, 2012) and varying service offerings, customers can select the best value option. 9 Competitive Rivalry Strong Although McDonalds and Burger King almost hold a duopoly in the burger segment, the market as a whole is fragmented with many global chains and independent operators (Datamonitor, 2012).Competition is originally cost-based with firms continuously investing in their production and service processes to undercut competitors. Exit costs are low an d capacity is easily increased through franchising. branding is the most prevalent weapon for competing McDonalds spent over $650 million on global advertising in 2009 (Datamonitor, 2012). Power of Buyers Moderate Figure 1 shows sales and growth of the top ten fast-food companies (Euromonitor International, 2012).The markets competitiveness increases buyer power and customers are price sensitive (Muhlbacker et al., 1999) with no switching cost between providers. However, key players attempt to reduce buyer power, offering a product range which caters for the entire demographic, rather than one specific segment. For example, McDonalds target children with Happy Meals and professionals with breakfast options and take-away coffee (McDonalds, 2012).Firms are increasingly promoting differentiated products McDonalds Big Mac, Burger Kings Whopper and offers such as Dominos Two for Tuesday campaign. High brand value and customer loyalty has reduced buyers bargaining power.The 2011 ranking of the top 100 brands indicates McDonalds success (Interbrand, 2011). 10 Power of Suppliers Moderate Figure 1 Top Ten Fast-food Companies by Growth. With a competitive global supply chain, supplier power is limited. 17,500 British and Irish farms that provide us with top-quality ingredients. (McDonalds UK, 2012) These farms supply Tier 1 suppliers who transform raw materials into food items, ready for McDonalds to cook and serve. delinquent to the number of suppliers in the industry, it is difficult for them to leverage significant power over fast-food firms. The supply of soft-drink is dominated by Coca-Cola (McDonalds and Burger King) and Pepsi (KFC) due to their global distribution channels. Additionally, Coca-Cola and Pepsi provide fast-food chains with equipment such as refrigerators and drink dispensers. This markets their brand and aligns it with fast-food brands, reducing costs for customers, which would otherwise be passed onto them (SMO, 2011). 11 3. 3. Identification of Key Players and their Competitive Position 3. 3. 1. strategical Groups The following framework identifies the key players in the international fast-food industry and identifies which firms are in the most direct competition with each other Brand value and the chains global presence (Appendix 2) are significant indicators of overall performance. The above strategy-group chart maps the firms performance. Brand value (US$) is plotted against the chains global presence, in terms of the number of outlets worldwide. The strategy-grouping shows that McDonalds has the 12 highest global market value and revenue in the industry, despite Subway having more international outlets.4. Key Player Evaluation of International Activities 4. 1. Identification of Key Player Based upon their global presence, market value and revenue, McDonalds is identified as the key player in the industry. 4. 2. McDonalds International Market Entry Modes In 1940, McDonalds operated only one QSR but today has restau rants at 33,000 locations in 119 countries. McDonalds utilises a variety of international market entry modes for rapid expansion touch on ventures, franchising, master franchising and joint ventures. 15% of McDonalds branded restaurants are operated as sole ventures.This involves a significant capital commitment but allows the highest degree of control.? Most restaurants are operated as franchises, allowing rapid expansion without high capital requirements. Franchising has also allowed McDonalds to benefit from local knowledge, demonstrated by the menu differences by country. However, McDonalds maintains control over crucial aspects such as the supply chain, marketing mix and staff training. Master Franchising introduces a third party as a go-between to overcome geographical and cultural barriers.The combination of the master franchisees local knowledge and McDonalds brand and model has been a successful formula, allowing expansion whilst maintaining significant control. McDonalds has also expanded internationally through joint ventures. Again, this allows for rapid expansion and utilises the knowledge of firms in closely-linked markets. Since 13 Both firms invest equity in the project, there is a lower financial risk for both parties however, many joint ventures end in hostility and conflict due to firms taking advantage of one another (Brown and Harwood, 2010).