What Is Politics? :: Essays on Politics

What Is Politics On hearing the word politics, what usually springs to mind are images of government, politicians and their policies or more negatively the idea of corruption and dirty tricks. The actual definition seems to have been obscured and almost lost by such representations and clichà ©s that tend not to pinpoint the true essence, which defines this thing, called politics. In order to make an attempt at a definition of politics a systematic approach is required. To begin with, a brief historical overview will be considered, to understand the origins of politics. Following this, different core concepts, which are imperative to a definition of politics, will be discussed, in the hope to discover a true and fair interpretation of the word politics. The word politics comes from the Greek word "polis", meaning the state or community as a whole. The concept of the "polis" was an ideal state and came from the writings of great political thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. In his novel "The Republic", Plato describes the ideal state and the means to achieve it. Hence, the word politics originally has connotations in the ways in which to create the ideal society. An ideal society is in practice a rather difficult aim and even an impossible aim to achieve. Politics implies measures which could and should, in the views of their devisor, be implemented in the hope to create a better society, than that which is already present. The very fact that Plato and Aristotle saw imperfections in the societies in which they lived, prompted them to write their political philosophies. These philosophies provided the first written recognition of politics. In his writings his "The Politics", Aristotle states that "Man is by nature a political animal"(The Politics, 1) in another words, it lies deep within the instinct of man. It is almost primal. Due to his nature man should consider and realise his role within the "polis". So according to Aristotle Politics is not a dreamt up concept, but rather an inherent feature of mankind. To begin with, the basest premise that underpins the notion of politics should be considered in order to arrive at a fair definition. Man is self-preserving by nature. He thinks and acts, whether that is as an individual or as a group who share interests, with foremost regard to his own interests. Self-perpetuation is the number one rule. He therefore possesses his own interests, ideas and preferences, which may

Ernest Hemingway: a Farewell to Arms Essay

Is war ever justified? War has been a part of our society since the beginning of time. A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway is a novel that deals with the justification and commitment to World War I. Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver for the Italians, struggled to find the answer and ended up loosing his commitment to the war because of words and advice from the priest and his love for Catherine Barkley. He ended up running away from the war to be with his pregnant lover Catherine. Henry’s commitment to the war isn’t genuine. As Henry and the priest discussed who was winning the war at the moment and other subjects, they stated, â€Å"And the ones who would not make war? Can they stop it? † â€Å"I do not know. † â€Å"Have they ever been able to stop it? † â€Å"They are not organized to stop things and when they get organized their leaders sell them out. † â€Å"Then it’s hopeless† (Hemingway p71). In this dialogue, Henry feels as if there is nothing anyone can do to end the war. He feels as if he is stuck in it until he finally dies. He feels that it’s hopeless to carry on anymore if there is no sign of halting. This type of attitude shows he is not committed to the war. While Henry was talking to the priest, he stated, â€Å"They were beaten to start with†¦ put him in power and see how wise he is. † (Hemingway p179). Henry thinks that the people that are fighting with him have already lost from the start because it wasn’t their decision to fight. He’s suggesting that the peasants aren’t fighting their hardest. They were forced off there farms and expected to fight. Henry thinks because they have already been defeated that there is no way they are going to win the war. His attitude again shows that he is not committed or hopeful about the war. Later on when Henry is still talking to the priest they say, â€Å"I hoped for a long time for victory. † â€Å"Me too. † â€Å"Now I don’t know. † â€Å"It has to be one or the other. † â€Å"I don’t believe in victory any more. † â€Å"I don’t. But I don’t believe in defeat. Though it may be better. † (Hemingway p179). Henry is saying that he doesn’t believe in Victory or defeat, but defeat may be better. Henry believes that the only way out of this war is through defeat. The Germans will never give in so the only way for the war to end is through the Italians loosing. He is tired of this war and doesn’t care who wins anymore. If Henry was committed to this war, then he would stay with it until victory is ahead. Henry’s commitment to World War I is not genuine. He doesn’t feel like the war is going anywhere and is aggravated that no one has given in. He doesn’t care anymore who wins the war as long as it’s over. He is no longer committed and just wants to leave. Henry’s commitment was never genuine.

Septic Shock And Kidney Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) is expressed as febrility or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea which may be associated with leucocytosis or leukopenia. SIRS generates broad spread inflammatory reaction in organic structure in response to external abuse which is protective for an person when its effects are restricted to pathogens, in other state of affairss inflammatory reactions are hurtful when they are directed against normal tissues in add-on to pathogens. [ 1,2 ] SIRS can ensue from legion conditions but termed as Sepsis, merely when infection sets in and morbific agent is detected. Sepsis consequences from an single response to external infection, which begins with systemic redness ab initio, followed by curdling abnormalcies and eventually deranged fibrinolysis. When sepsis causes one or more organ disfunction, the syndrome is termed Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ( MODS ) or terrible sepsis. [ 3 ] Sepsis-induced hypotension which is furnace lining to f luid boluses is termed Septic daze. Hypothermia associated with infected daze indicates hapless tegument and visceral perfusion, is normally associated with hapless forecast and high mortality rates of up to 30 to 40 % . Several serum biomarkers suggested holding diagnostic or predictive value in infected daze, but a unequivocal biomarker for everyday clinical usage is yet to be identified. One such marker is serum lactate which indicates pronounced hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia in infected daze. Similarly serum Creatinine should besides be considered as marker of lessening organ perfusion in sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury should be regarded as index of ongoing organ harm and likely possibility of oncoming of infected daze. [ 4 ] AKI is due to sudden and drastic decrease in kidney map ( within 48 hours ) characterized by absolute addition in serum Creatinine ( & gt ; 50 % from baseline ) or a decrease in urine end product ( oliguria of & lt ; 0.5 ml/kg/hour for & gt ; 6 hours ) . Nephritic hypoperfusion and ischaemia during infected daze amendss nephritic tubules taking to acute cannular mortification ( ATN ) and have been demonstrated to be a common etiologic factor for AKI development during sepsis [ 5,6 ] . ATN was found to be a consistent histopathological determination in these patients, this would strongly propose that ischaemia and nephritic tubular cell mortification are likely an of import pathogenetic mechanism. [ 7,8 ] Acute kidney hurt have marked impact on the result of critically sick patients. Disease badness tonss such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE II ) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment mark ( SOFA ) both have included nephritic disfunction as forecaster of morbidity and mortality ; on the other manus liver disfunction tonss, coagulopathy, thrombocytes and other critical organ maps are non much stressed in APACHE II hiting system. To set up a unvarying definition of nephritic harm, RIFLE categorization was formulated which characterizes Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage Kidney ( RIFLE ) . [ 9 ] An of import facet of the RIFLE categorization is that it grades the badness of acute kidney hurt on the footing of alterations in serum creatinine and urine end product from the baseline status. [ 10 ] Urine end product is an of import physiologic mark of organic structure fluid position, and unstable instability is common in critically sick patients due to extravasation of fluid into extravascular infinite or due to 3rd infinite losingss and eventually the nephritic disfunction. This farther suggest that reduced organ perfusion in infected daze plays a cardinal function in development of AKI taking to cut down creatinine clearance and increased serum creatinine degrees. [ 11,12 ] In this survey we compared increasing serum creatinine degrees with plasma lactates and SOFA tonss to observe oncoming of sepsis and infected daze and to prove the hypothesis that ongoing acute kidney hurt can bespeak reduced organ perfusion and oncoming of infected daze in critically sick patients.Patients and Methods:This survey was carried out to happen a correlativity between lifting serum creatinine degrees and oncoming of infected daze in 115 critically sick patients admitted in ICU and were managed following Surviving Sepsis guidelines. [ 13 ] Human ethical blessing was taken by the institutional moralss commission. Written informed consents were obtained from control topics and patients or their relations. The control groups were the healthy relations attach toing the patient. Entire 90 controls were taken, among them 65 were males and 25 females with a mean ( SD ) age of 36.5 ( 8 ) old ages. Among patient group 67 were males and 48 females with mean ( SD ) age 37.5 ( 6 ) old ages. Patients included in our survey had either of the undermentioned characteristics: ( 1 ) Clinical characteristics proposing infection ; ( 2 ) Core temperature & gt ; 38AÂ °C or & lt ; 35AÂ °C ; ( 3 ) Heart beats & gt ; 100/min ; ( 4 ) Respiratory rates & gt ; 30 breaths/min or demand for supportive mechanical airing and ( 5 ) Inadequate organ map or daze within 12 hours of registration. Patients excluded were: ( 1 ) aged patients older than 75 old ages ; ( 2 ) NYHA category III or IV patients ; ( 3 ) liver inadequacy ( Child C ) ; ( 4 ) HIV, HBsAg positive serology, Cancer patients. Demographic characteristics like age, sex, primary site of infection, morbific beings and disease badness scores including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Scores ( APACHE II ) and Sequential Organ system Failure Assessment mark ( SOFA ) were recorded for each patient ‘s at the clip of admittance in ICU and later. The plasma of these patients was tested for serum creatinine and lactates degrees at the clip of entry in ICU, so after every 24 hours till their stay in ICU. All the samples collected and patient inside informations gathered during the survey were coded to look into for prejudice and patient confidentiality was maintained as per the guidelines for surveies of human patients. Blood sample aggregation: First blood sample was collected prior to get down of antimicrobic, steroid therapy or vasopressors. Blood samples were collected from cardinal venous line ( 9 milliliter ) into sterilized tubings incorporating 1ml trisodium citrate ( TSC ) at the clip of patient admittance I ICU and later. Plasma was separated by extractor at 10,000 revolutions per minute for 15 min. The plasma was stored at -70AÂ °C for farther analysis and repeated freezing melt of samples was avoided in order to forestall debasement of plasma.Statistical analysis:The informations were analyzed by nonparametric analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) with Newman-Keuls multiple comparing post-test. The relation between serum creatinine degrees, plasma lactates and APACHE & A ; SOFA mark was tested by finding the Pearson correlativity coefficient ( R ) . A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered important. Entire information recordings were obtained in triplicate and consequences of computation s are reported as agencies and criterion divergence up to two denary points. All statistical analyses were performed with the Graph Pad InStat 5.0 demo plan ( Graph Pad Software, USA ) .Consequences:Among 115 patients admitted in ICU during the period April 2009 to May 2010, 45 patients were of SIRS, 39 patients were in sepsis and 31 patients in province of infected daze ( Table 1 ) . Sepsis was diagnosed on the footing of specific civilization studies from assorted possible sites of infection, including blood civilization study. Out of 115 patients studied there were 67 male patients and 48 females with a mean ( SD ) age of 37.5 ( 6 ) old ages. Mean serum creatinine degrees in healthy control group was 0.83 AÂ ± 0.26 mg/dl, runing from 0.4 to 1.6 mg/dl. In SIRS group, the average serum creatinine degrees were 3.45 AÂ ± 1.26 mg/dl, runing from 1.2 to 6.2 mg/dl ( Figure 1 ) . The APACHE II and SOFA score correlated linearly with serum creatinine degrees ( r2=0.74, P & lt ; 0.001 for APACHE & A ; r2=0.69, P & lt ; 0.001 for SOFA ; Figure2 ) bespeaking nephritic hurt with badness of redness. In sepsis patients average degrees were 7.15 AÂ ± 1.3, runing from 4.0 to 9.3 mg/dl. Pearson ‘s coefficient showed additive correlativity of serum creatinine and sepsis badness tonss ( r2 = 0.65, P & lt ; 0.001 for APACHE and r2 = 0.62, P & lt ; 0.001 for SOFA ; Figure2 ) . In patients of infected daze with nephritic disfunction really high serum creatinine degrees were observed with mean of 10.31 AÂ ± 2.29 mg/dl with values runing from 6.0 to 15.2 mg/dl, these values were significantly ( P & lt ; 0.01 ) higher than those with sep sis ( 7.01 AÂ ± 1.3 mg/dl ) , SIRS ( 3.49 AÂ ± 1.10 mg/dl ) and the control group ( 0.83 AÂ ± 0.26 mg/dl ) . Detection of metabolic acidosis in arterial blood gas analysis was evaluated farther by blood lactate appraisal ( Figure 3 ) . Blood lactate degrees in SIRS group were ( 5.14 AÂ ± 1.24mmol/L ) with scope from 2.2 to 7.8 mmol/L. Similarly blood lactate degrees in sepsis ( 7.73 AÂ ± 1.4mmol/L ) and infected daze group ( 9.53 AÂ ± 1.2mmol/L ) were significantly high ( 95 % CI in sepsis 7.25 to 8.21 ; daze 8.9 to 10.16 mmol/L ) . In control group mean values were 0.93 AÂ ± 0.39mmol/L ( 95 % CI 0.84 to 1.0 mmol/L ) . In order to detect a relation between extent of nephritic hurt and oncoming of infected daze, creatinine clearance ( taken as step of nephritic map ) was so compared with blood lactate degrees ( taken as index of anaerobiotic metamorphosis and daze ) , Pearson ‘s coefficient showed reverse relation between lifting lactate degrees and Creatinine clearance in patients with terrible sepsis and infected daze ( Figure 4 ; r2=0.48, P & lt ; 0.001in sepsis ; r2=0.56, P & l t ; 0.001in infected daze ) . The patients included in this survey were non given any nephrotoxic drugs and drug dose were modified as per criterion chronic nephritic disease guideline to forestall farther nephritic hurt [ 14 ] .Discussion:Patients come oning to infected daze during their stay in ICU may hold altered sensorium, deranged liver map, malabsorption syndrome or may hold respiratory trouble. It was observed in our survey that all such patients with infected daze have one common characteristic of crazed kidney map with AKI. The pathophysiology of AKI in infected daze is ill understood due to miss of histopathologic information, which in bend requires nephritic biopsy to observe any parenchymal or vascular alterations in nephritic tissue ; such biopsies are non routinely performed in most ICU set up. [ 15,16 ] In absence of such information, we performed an indirect appraisal of nephritic map during oncoming of infected daze. These observations were based on serum creatinin e degrees and creatinine clearance which was so correlated with disease badness tonss ( APACHE II and SOFA ) and serum lactate degrees ( index of anaerobiotic metamorphosis and daze ) . Assorted carnal surveies of AKI have been done which helps in more complex and invasive measurings of nephritic maps. [ 17 ] Most of these carnal surveies were based on either ischemia-reperfusion hurt or drug induced hurt and informations generated from such surveies may assist us in understanding the pathophysiology in a infected patient with AKI. A major paradigm developed from these observations in animate beings and worlds with daze is that AKI is due to nephritic hypoperfusion and ischaemia. This fact supported our position of utilizing AKI as index for decreased organ perfusion and oncoming of infected daze. [ 18 ] Under basal conditions blood flow to kidney is 360 ml/min/100gm of tissue where as blood flow to encephalon ( 50ml/min/100gm ) , bosom ( 70ml/min/100gm ) , lungs ( 25ml/min/100gm ) and liver ( 95ml/min/100gm ) . [ 19 ] Among all the variety meats, kidneys have really high flow rates, approximately three times higher than other critical variety meats, therefore metab olic maps of kidneys were more likely to be affected earliest by decrease in blood flow during infected daze, this may ensue non merely in a decrease in glomerular filtration but besides, in metabolic impairment perchance doing cell decease, acute cannular mortification and terrible AKI. [ 20 ] Glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) is governed by glomerular filtration force per unit area, which in bend is determined by the relationship between the sensory nerve and motorial arteriolas. When the sensory nerve arteriola constricts due to hypoxia in infected daze, glomerular filtration force per unit area will fall and urine end product and GFR will besides diminish, ensuing reduced creatinine clearance and increased serum creatinine. [ 21 ] Arterial lactate concentration correlates with badness of infected daze and reflects metabolic changes associated with hemodynamic via media. Therefore, the association between high lactate degree and diminishing creatinine clearance are built-in to the badness of the daze and of multi-organ failure. [ 22 ] In add-on, epinephrine extract during infected daze besides enhances lactate production by itself ; the higher adrenaline dosage required in more terrible patients may besides hold contributed to this association. Following the natural history of infected daze in most ICU, it is impossible to happen patients deceasing of infected daze but without nephritic failure, the huge bulk of patients deceasing of multiorgan failure has a outstanding nephritic constituent and requires nephritic replacing therapy during their class in ICU. Renal biopsy during infected daze is non performed routinely because of important hazards owing to azotemic or infected coagulopathy and patient instability. However, this restriction does non impair the relevancy of our observations sing the pathophysiology of infected daze, as kidneys have highest blood flow per gm of tissue and AKI is changeless characteristic of terminal phase multiorgan failure so any via media in nephritic map in critically sick patients should be considered as indicant of decreased organ map and likely oncoming of infected daze.Decision:Kidneies are invariably involved in multiorgan failure of infected daze. Nephritic lesions associated with AKI in infected daze are more complex than the simple ague cannular hurt, so reduced creatinine clearance should be regarded as index of underlying mechanism of decreased organ perfusion and likely possibility of oncoming of infected daze in critically sick patients. Recognition: We thank ICMR, New Delhi for patronizing the MD PhD undertaking. Furthermore we thank Professor Shally Awasthi, Faculty Incharge, Research Cell CSMMU, Lucknow for her changeless moral support and counsel to research chaps.Table 1:Control( n=90 )Sir( n=45 )Sepsis( n=39 )Septic daze( n=31 )Age ( old ages ) 38.5AÂ ±8 37.3AÂ ±4 36.2AÂ ±7 39.1AÂ ±4 Heart rate ( beats/min ) 94AÂ ±2.3 116 AÂ ± 16 118 AÂ ± 32 124 AÂ ± 32 Respiratory rate ( breaths/min ) 16AÂ ±3.2 30 AÂ ± 8 24 AÂ ± 6 28 AÂ ± 4 Mean Blood Pressure ( mm Hg ) 90 AÂ ±10.2 89.2 AÂ ± 14.3 98.3 AÂ ± 12.5 68.8 AÂ ± 23.3 Serum Creatinine ( mg/dl ) 0.8AÂ ±2.3 3.49 AÂ ± 1.1 7.0 AÂ ± 1.3 10.12 AÂ ± 2.2 Lactates ( mM/L ) 0.93 AÂ ± 0.39 5.14 AÂ ± 1.24 7.73 AÂ ± 1.4 9.53 AÂ ± 1.2 APACHE II mark–25.23AÂ ±6.6 28.03AÂ ±6.2 30.0AÂ ±6.3 SOFA mark–10.89AÂ ±3.4 13.52AÂ ±3.2 13.11AÂ ±2.8Legends:Table 1: Patients demographic features ( Mean AÂ ± SD ) Figure 1: Average serum creatinine ( mg/dl ) . Differences in average plasma degrees among each group was statistically important ( ** P & lt ; 0.001 ) Figure 2: Serum creatinine degrees increased as the badness of disease increased, it correlated linearly with disease badness tonss ( APACHE II & A ; SOFA ) . Figure 3: Average blood lactate ( mM/L ) . Differences in average blood degrees among each group was statistically important ( ** P & lt ; 0.001 ) . Figure 4: Creatinine clearance compared with lifting blood lactate degrees. It correlated reciprocally with blood lactate degrees.

Choose 2 or 3 poems and explore how Hopkins’ use of language and the structure of the poems

* Creates a sense of place and/ or a sense of person * Conveys what the poet feels about the place/ person * Creates a sense of change/loss * Conveys strongly to the reader Hopkins' strong beliefs about God/ his duties as a priest/ the human condition/ the environment/ the natural world. I am going to look at the poems Inversnaid and Felix Randall and compare the language and structure used in each poem. I chose these poems because Hopkins conveys a strong sense of place in Inversnaid and a strong sense of person in Felix Randall and he describes the progression of each. They therefore provide a good comparison. Inversnaid is about a Highland stream and its journey is described in four stanzas. The first stanza describes the stream rushing down a mountainside when it reaches a dark pool in the second stanza. The third stanza shows the stream at a entle pace until it reaches home and in the final stanza, Hopkins conveys his own ideas on nature and the landscape. The emphasis in this poem is on the exact details of the stream and its journey rather than God's almighty presence which is what makes Inversnaid an unusual poem for Hopkins because in his other poems there is usually some to reference to God and his Christian beliefs as a priest. Hopkins creates a sense of place by appealing to the senses of the reader- sight, sound and touch. He creates an exact visual image of the stream and its andscape by describing the exact colours, ‘horseback brown, fleece of his foam'. The ‘fleece of his foam' makes you think of a sheep's white fleece and the word fleece makes you think of the texture as well. By associating the colours with common things that everybody recognises like horse and sheep, it allows the reader to imagine exactly what he's describing and it helps the poem appeal to a wider audience because everybody knows what a horse or sheep looks like. Hopkins compares the sound of the stream to ‘flutes', which makes you thi nk of a soft tinkling sound and you can imagine the sound of the stream. Because ‘flutes' is at the beginning of the sentence it suggests the stream is echoing the sound of a waterfall. Hopkins uses words like ‘wiry, flitches (ragged brown tufts)' which help create a sense of place because you can imagine the texture of the landscape. The alliteration and repetition used in the line ‘degged with dew, dappled with dew' emphasises the appearance of the landscape. The words degged and dappled also describe the appearance of the land around the stream because they suggest the idea that the landscape is heavy, shiny and speckled with dew. Hopkins creates a sense of change by describing the stream's movement from its ‘roaring down' to its smooth flowing. He uses words which the reader immediately associates with movement. For example ‘roaring', which is a word normally associated with a lion, when combined with ‘rollrock highroad roaring down' provides the image of the stream rolling and rushing over rocks because rollrock is an onomatopoeia- a word which mimics its sound. The rhythm and alliteration in this line also contribute to imaging the stream's movement. In the second stanza, Hopkins has included words such as ‘turns, twindles and rounds and ounds'. These clearly describe the stream's movement and are all onomatopoeias so the words sound like their action. The assonance and repetition of 'rounds and rounds' enforce the idea that the stream is going round and round. Finally, the second line of the third stanza ‘brook treads through' shows the water's smooth movement. Almost every two lines of Inversnaid ends in rhyme (froth, broth) and there are usually four stresses per line: This darksome burn, horseback brown The pronounced rhyme scheme means you reach the climax in the final stanza of the oem faster because it makes the words flow easily and quickly. The final stanza is where Hopkins strongly conveys to the reader his strong beliefs about the environment. ‘What would the world be, once bereft//Of wet and wilderness? ‘ is a line where Hopkins challenges us which is the effect of the question. He is saying that if the world was robbed of these things, it would be nothing. The repetition of ‘let them be left' emphasises the thought from Hopkins that the wilderness should be conserved, especially with ‘O' at the beginning of the repeated phrase. The last entence of the last stanza begins with ‘long live' which shows Hopkins thinks the environment is very important and that places like Inversnaid should be left as they are forever. This opinion was reflected in a letter to his friend, Robert Bridges, where he expressed his fears about ‘the decline of wild nature'. The alliteration of l's and w's in this stanza adds to the rhythm and rapid delivery of it so that the last stanza is more pronounced and in turn Hopkins' views are more emphatic. The alliteration also helps emphasise his views. Long live the weeds and the wilderness yet. In the first half of this sentence the monosyllables used mean the point ‘long live the weeds' is succinct and so it is enforced. Unlike Inversnaid, Felix Randall is a poem about a person and his progression from a strong young man to a weak old man and finally death. We view him through the eyes of a priest who has known and cared for him. Also unlike Inversnaid, this poem contains many ideas about Hopkins' Christian faith and God and his duties as a priest, Hopkins creates a sense of person by opening the poem with direct speech so it as if the priest is talking to someone and we are overhearing heir conversation, which then moves to a meditation and we see the priest reflecting on Felix's life. The poem also opens with a rhetorical question which emphasises the point that it is as if we are overhearing a conversation. By telling the reader Felix was a farrier, it immediately conjures up many images and shows that Felix was part of a world of ‘craftsmanship and strength', which is also shown by the use of technical language belonging to this world (like forge). He describes Felix as a young man as ‘big-boned and hardy-handsome' and the alliteration of these phrases helps o create strong images of a big, rugged and masculine man. Hopkins describes Felix through his illness ‘impatient he cursed at first', which helps the reader get an idea of his character. He also calls him child which suggests vulnerability and that he is the child of God. In the last stanza, Felix is described as ‘powerful amidst peers' when he was at his best which suggests he was a leader and popular at the work place. Felix Randall is not just about the man in the title but also about the priest who cared for him when he was sick. Hopkins creates a sense of person with the riest by describing him at work and his duties as a priest like blessing the sick ‘anointed and all' and providing holy communion ‘sweet reprieve and ransom'. We also see more of the priest's character when Hopkins conveys what the poet feels about Felix and when he says ‘seeing the sick endears them to us'. This shows that the priest feels compassion for the parishioners that he tends to and that being a priest is more than just a job for him- which could reflect the feelings Hopkins felt for his parishioners and what he feels about Felix. In the third stanza it says that the riest has comforted Felix but he has also been touched by him ‘thy tears that touched my heart. ‘ Hopkins creates a sense of change by describing Felix first as he was young ‘big-boned and hardy-handsome' to ‘pining pining'. There is no punctuation between handsome and pining, which is enjambment, and the effect of this enjambment is that the words are emphasised and so the change from Felix being big-boned to him pining is also emphasised. In the same stanza, Felix is describes as becoming senile and loosing ability to reason, ‘ when reason rambled in it'. Hopkins describes the hange from Felix loosing his ability to reason to having a ‘heavenlier heart' and so he had more piece of mind after being blessed and receiving holy communion. It's in the last stanza that Hopkins conveys a real sense of change when he says ‘how from then forethought of, all they more boisterous //years', suggesting what a long way, and what a change it was from Felix being healthy, loud, young, energetic to how he was before he died, ‘fatal four disorders'- his body giving up mentally and physically. The poem conveys strongly to the reader Hopkins' strong beliefs about his duties as priest by having ‘duty' in the first line of the poem and in the priest's conversation so it's his natural thought and it shows that duty comes first. This is also emphasised because there is a stress on the word duty. Hopkins feels his duties as a priest are to bless the sick when they are dying so they feel more at ease about dying. By doing this it makes him more worthy ‘us too it endears. ‘ He also feels his duties as a priest are to offer spiritual comfort, help his parishioners to seek forgiveness from God and to offer the promise of new life by giving them ‘sweet reprieve and ransom'. Unlike Inversnaid, Felix Randall is a sonnet and has a sprung rhythm. This is when the single stresses come one after the other with no unstressed syllables or a single stress plus any amount of unstressed syllables. There are usually six stresses to a line in this poem whilst Inversnaid has four. Felix Randal, the farrier, O he is dead then? my duty all ended Whereas in Inversnaid Hopkins uses compound words that he has made himself, like twindles (turns and dwindles), he uses colloquial language-Lancashire dialect, ‘all road ever he offended', in Felix Randall, which gives a strong sense of spoken voice nd emphasises the point that it feels like we are overhearing a conversation between the priest and someone else. It also makes the poem less stiff and more emotive because it is someone's thoughts and feelings spoken in their own dialect. The use of colloquial language in this line is to convey a profound spiritual truth as it is saying ‘may all his sins be forgiven'. I prefer Felix Randall because I think Hopkins creates a much stronger sense of person than place and it's much more interesting. I think the structure of the poem is better because it is more effective in conveying Hopkins' ideas. By starting with Felix suffering from a serious illness, and then describing how the priest was able to help him and the benefits the priest gained from that and finally to comparing Felix Randall at his prime to how he was at the end of his life makes it a more emotional poem than Inversnaid. The fact that the poem contains ideas of a person's suffering means that a lot more people can relate to it, than to a poem about a Scottish landscape, because everyone has suffered or seen someone else suffer the effects of old age. The use of colloquial language also makes the poem more accessible. ‘Ah well, God rest him all road ever he offended! ‘

Lack of Health Care for the Working Class Research Paper

Lack of Health Care for the Working Class - Research Paper Example However, despite dramatic increases in expenditures, inequities exist within the Medicaid system that limit distribution of health care resources and affect health outcomes. Employer-sponsored, private health insurance coverage has declined gradually since the late 1970s (Jacobson and Buchmueller, 2007). In 2010, the number of uninsured Americans approached 49.9 million (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010a). Two major trends are driving the decline: First, changes in the labor market, including the decline in manufacturing jobs, the increase in service-jobs, and the growth in temporary and part-time employment have produced more "benefit-poor" occupations. Second, declining real wages, combined with employer moves to shift rising health care costs onto employees via increased premiums, deductibles and copayments, has reduced the numbers of employees who can afford health care coverage and the extent of that coverage (Swartz, 2009). Working class and women are especially vulnerable to lack of access to employer-sponsored coverage, given the structure of private health care insurance. In the United States, individuals generally qualify for employer-sponsored health insurance plans in one of two ways; as workers in occupations where health insurance benefits are offered to employees, or as dependents or spouses of covered workers (Kim & Muntaner, 2011; Buchmeuller and Valletta 1999). Direct coverage, as workers, is now and has been limited for working class and women due to their historic and continuing concentration in the secondary sector of the labor market. That is, lower working class and women are more likely than others to be employed in the kinds of occupations that are becoming more prevalent and that are less likely to offer coverage; i.e. service jobs, non-unionized jobs, and part-time and temporary work. Indirect, or spousal coverage, though limited to women legally wed to men whose employers offer th e benefit, provides

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reading response - Essay Example Pointing out what is wrong always with people or the work they perform will lead to people taking you for an unkind and unreliable individual. It is, therefore, expedient to understand that it people are not always necessarily wrong and a better look at things may reveal that you are the one on wrong. Understanding this possibility calls for intuitive desire to understand the other person’s point of view which gives us the cue of why the individual acted as s/he did. Such a mere action can go a long way into giving significant understanding of the other person. It is always a challenge for most people to see both their point of view and that one of the other party. A basic human need is the feeling of importance. Making someone feel important is a desirable way to start any communication. The person usually will be grateful for such acknowledgement establishing a good ground to get something in return for appreciation. That becomes a key strategy in business especially in marketing. Making the customer feel important to the business will foster a feeling of ownership and belongingness and increased confidence of the customer. Participation is encouraged when the party involved feels that they are considered intelligent or important. Someone will tend to like you the more for a positive complement. Continuous and constant acknowledgement and compliments will have a tremendous desirable outcome of the other party or even customer behavior. A business venture should strive to make customers feel important rather than insisting their importance to the customer. Such an act attracts respect from customers and automatically awards influence to the b argaining chips. Failure to appreciate others can provoke them to venture into extremes of behavior, become criminals and even insane. They will tend to live in their imagined worlds where they feel important rather than facing the rearing reality of

Agriculture and the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Agriculture and the European Union - Essay Example The European Union (EU) has undergone a great deal of renegotiations over the past several decades, indeed changing its own titles and formats until finally it resembled the EU of today; a European-wide economic organization focused on the homogenisation of the European economic state. The purpose of this supranationalism has been simply to increase trade throughout Europe and to facilitate this goal it has been the duty of EU government officials to closely monitor agricultural policies in member states. In 2004, the European enlargement agreement was drafted so that the organisation might have some framework from which to actually govern the growing EU, with member states reaching from Great Britain right into eastern Europe as ex-Soviet states bid for entry1. In terms of the established Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU, the enlargement has directly affected original EU members in that CAP subsidies arranged prior to the expansion were immediately lessened and a new level of standardisation was created as new countries gained access to EU funding and official economic policies. Because of the enlargement, EU nations are currently facing reforms in terms of trade prices, environmental agendas, animal welfare and the further industrialisation and eventual commercialisation of member states. How the EU deals with modernised agricultural policies will directly affect the stability of the EU in general and the position of its influence in world affairs. In terms of the CAP today, it seems that this nearly 60 year old agreement is failing when it comes to the best economic options for EU members.Negotiations have been happening for years to organise a European-wide marketplace, and so far the EU is the only large-scale organisation of this sort in the world. To enhance failing economies within the continent and ultimately to create a strong market that was viable on the world stage, European nations thought it in their best interests to band together and develop trade laws that would benefit each nation in the long run. This organisation meant the standardisation of various levels of economy so that prices could be stabilised and producers might receive the government aid needed to keep working. Jonsson and Elgstrom explain how the term 'multi-level governance' is used in terms of the EU to encompass the awkward arrangement of government officials and local policy2. Essentially, this multi-level government is exactly what the EU legislation is based upon and it's the largest economic organisation of its kind in the entire world. EU officiates must tend to supranational matters while still leaving an allowable measure of sovereignty to each member state in terms of national law and municipal issues. In terms of agriculture and human rights, however, ultimately the EU holds precedent over national level government if a committee or individual does approach it. It is the wish of the EU organisation that each of its member countries adhere strictly to trade and practical agreements in such a way that promotes equality between citizens and fair standards of living and economics for individuals and businesses throughout the realm. If a state is found to be acting in a manner not i n keeping with these principles of human rights, animal rights and safe practices then it faces sanctions by EU legislature. EU Enlargement Before 2002, the EU had a stable 15 members and it wanted more. In terms of membership, there was no shortage of interested nations, particularly in the eastern half of the continent, but officials realised that if they were to suddenly expand their numbers it would become necessary to share their current supranational income with poorer countries. Cowles and Smith explain that at the turn of the new millennium, it was expected of EU officiates to work towards two basic goals; monetary